Adolescent and adult laryngotracheal stenosis: a review

Abstract Background The larynx has multiple composite functions which include phonation, airway protection, and sensory control of respiration. Stenosis the trachea were first recorded by O’Dwyer in 1885 Colles 1886, respectively. Initially, aetiology laryngotracheal stenosis was predominantly infective. Currently, leading cause is iatrogenic injury to complex secondary prolonged ventilation an intensive care unit. Main body Laryngotracheal a diverse disease. It poses major challenge surgeon can present as emergency. Management typically demands combined involvement various disciplines including otorhinolaryngology, cardiothoracic surgery, anaesthesiology, interventional pulmonology, radiology. Both disease its management impact upon respiration, voice, swallowing. incidence reflected evolution whilst surgery advanced concurrently over past century. Correction requires expansion lumen; this achieved either endoscopic or open surgery. We review relevant basic science, aetiopathogenesis, diagnosis, management, treatment outcomes LTS. Conclusion choice surgical procedure often dictated individual anatomy function trachea, together with patient factors available facilities. Regardless how chooses approach these lesions, prevention damage remains primary importance.